#include <iostream>
#include <string>

/***************************************************
 * Default arguments: addresses
 *
 * Suppose we are writing a function that prints a
 * Canadian address.
 *
 * Some information is required:
 *
 *   - the street number;
 *   - the street name.
 *
 * Other information may have useful default values.
 * For example, suppose most of the addresses we are
 * printing are in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
 *
 * We can therefore use the default arguments
 *
 *     apartment = ""
 *     city      = "Waterloo"
 *     province  = "Ontario"
 *     country   = "Canada".
 *
 * The empty string indicates that there is no
 * apartment number.
 *
 *
 * OMITTING DEFAULT ARGUMENTS
 *
 * Default arguments can only be omitted from the
 * right.
 *
 * Thus,
 *
 *     print_address( "599", "Winterberg Walk" );
 *
 * uses all four default arguments.
 *
 * Similarly,
 *
 *     print_address( "499", "Albert St.", "10" );
 *
 * specifies an apartment number but uses the
 * default city, province, and country.
 *
 * However, suppose we want an address in
 * St. Catharines. We cannot simply skip the
 * apartment argument.
 *
 * Instead, we must explicitly provide the empty
 * string:
 *
 *     print_address(
 *         "99", "Belton Blvd.", "", "St. Catharines"
 *     );
 *
 * The default arguments for Ontario and Canada can
 * still be omitted because they are to the right.
 ***************************************************/

// Function declarations
int main();

void print_address(
    std::string const number,
    std::string const street,
    std::string const apartment = "",
    std::string const city = "Waterloo",
    std::string const province = "Ontario",
    std::string const country = "Canada"
);

// Function definitions
int main() {
    print_address(
        "99", "Belton Blvd.", "", "St. Catharines"
    );

    std::cout << std::endl;

    print_address(
        "99", "Latenda Pl.", "", "Guelph"
    );

    std::cout << std::endl;

    print_address(
        "499", "Albert St.", "10"
    );

    std::cout << std::endl;

    print_address(
        "599", "Winterberg Walk"
    );

    std::cout << std::endl;

    print_address(
        "199", "Wissler Rd.", "300"
    );

    std::cout << std::endl;

    print_address(
        "699", "Coldstream Dr."
    );

    std::cout << std::endl;

    print_address(
        "299", "Hages Ln.", "",
        "Prospect Village", "Nova Scotia"
    );

    return 0;
}

/***************************************************
 * print_address
 *
 * Print an address using the supplied arguments.
 *
 * Notice that the default arguments appeared in
 * the function declaration. They are not repeated
 * in the function definition.
 ***************************************************/
void print_address(
    std::string const number,
    std::string const street,
    std::string const apartment,
    std::string const city,
    std::string const province,
    std::string const country
) {
    if ( apartment != "" ) {
        std::cout << apartment << "-";
    }

    std::cout << number << " " << street << std::endl;
    std::cout << city << ", " << province << std::endl;
    std::cout << country << std::endl;
}