#include <iostream>

// Write a program that queries the user for an
// integer and then counts the number of digits in
// that integer.
//
// The negative sign is not considered a digit.
// Thus,
//
//      5423 has 4 digits,
//     -5423 has 4 digits,
//         8 has 1 digit,
//        -7 has 1 digit,
//
// and 0 is considered to have 1 digit.
//
// Do not convert the integer to a string.

// Function declarations
int main();

// Function definitions
int main() {
    int n{};

    std::cout << "Enter an integer: ";
    std::cin  >> n;

    int count{ 0 };

    std::cout << "The integer " << n
              << " has " << count;

    if ( count == 1 ) {
        std::cout << " digit.";
    } else {
        std::cout << " digits.";
    }

    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}





























// Hint:
//
// Make sure you take into account the integer 0,
// which is considered to have one digit.





















// Hint:
//
// Suppose
//
//     n == 5423.
//
// What is the result of
//
//     n /= 10;
//
// after it is executed once? What happens if it is
// executed repeatedly?
//
// Now suppose
//
//     n == 8
//
// or
//
//     n == -7.
//
// What is the result after dividing 'n' by 10 using
// integer division?
//
// Can you repeatedly divide a copy of 'n' by 10
// until it becomes 0, counting how many divisions
// were required?






















// Here is one solution:
/*
int main() {
    int n{};

    std::cout << "Enter an integer: ";
    std::cin  >> n;

    int count{ 0 };
    int remaining{ n };

    if ( remaining == 0 ) {
        count = 1;
    } else {
        while ( remaining != 0 ) {
            ++count;
            remaining /= 10;
        }
    }

    std::cout << "The integer " << n
              << " has " << count;

    if ( count == 1 ) {
        std::cout << " digit.";
    } else {
        std::cout << " digits.";
    }

    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}
*/

























// Why does this also work for negative integers?
//
// In C++, integer division truncates toward zero.
// For example,
//
//      5423 / 10 ==  542
//       542 / 10 ==   54
//        54 / 10 ==    5
//         5 / 10 ==    0
//
// while
//
//     -5423 / 10 == -542
//      -542 / 10 ==  -54
//       -54 / 10 ==   -5
//        -5 / 10 ==    0.
//
// Thus, the same loop counts the digits whether the
// integer is positive or negative. There is no need
// to change a negative value into a positive value
// before counting its digits.